Poem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

Sonnet - Essay Example Collins â€Å"Introduction to Poetry,† comprise of seven refrains. Collins opens the primary verse with the line, â€Å"I request that they take a poem.† This sentence contains three articles: â€Å"I† †the essayist or speaker, â€Å"them† †the audience members and â€Å"poem.† The artist inclinations to â€Å"take† the sonnet as an item and not simply sweep or read it. By contrasting â€Å"poem† as an article, Collins utilizes the allegory as the metaphorical language. Once â€Å"poem† is considered as an item; at that point it very well may be contrasted with some other articles. That is the reason one can see bounteous utilization of similitude for â€Å"poem† all through this work. In the subsequent line, the speaker asks, â€Å"and hold it up to the light† as opposed to requesting to understand it. Be that as it may, when this line is combined with the third line, â€Å"like a shading slide† e verything gets clear. Collins utilizes metaphorical language likeness - the item â€Å"poem† is a shading slide. Obviously, projection of a shading slide must be finished utilizing light. The writer makes a solid symbolism in the principal refrain that says one can see every one of the seven shades of the rainbow in the sonnet on the off chance that one realizes how to hold it to the light and see it. The subsequent refrain comprises of one line; Collins jolts the peruser with interest, â€Å"or press an ear against its hive.† He utilizes the illustration and thinks about â€Å"poem† to a nectar drippy hive that creates a humming sound just as passes on both risk and expectation. The third refrain, â€Å"I state drop a mouse into a sonnet, and watch him test his direction out† looks at â€Å"poem† to a â€Å"labyrinth.† The relational word â€Å"into† rather than â€Å"onto† makes the verse inflexible characterizing â€Å"poem† as a three-dimensional item. Through this analogy, the writer expresses that one needs to comprehend the maze of the sonnet to receive in return. In the fourth verse, Collins utilizes twofold representations; analyzes the â€Å"poem† to a three-dimensional room and substance of

Business Plan For Sandton Fitness Centre Marketing Essay

Field-tested strategy For Sandton Fitness Center Marketing Essay Sandton wellness focus and magnificence spa is another rec center that is for everybody (male and female) that makes an agreeable situation for everybody to seek after their wellness objectives. It is circumstance in Sandton at Johannesburg. Sandton wellness focus and magnificence spa have the most palatable/best hardware, best fitness coaches, dietician, uncommon classes and analysts. Sandton wellness focus and excellence spa is situated in the urban where individuals have an exceptionally dynamic life and almost no opportunity to spend on wellness and sound life. Coronary illness and heftiness are on record high causing increment in fitness center interest. Low pay advertise fragment is disregarded by key rivals in the market Club participations in South Africa have expanded each year since 1994 and a solid market makes a solid business. We are a strong venture since fire up sports rec centers on normal take in 1,000 new individuals for each year. This will permit our business to make back the initial investment in under five years. Our club, Sandton Fitness Center will offer its individuals quality administrations and advantages that no other club can offer. We need to take ventures and use them carefully so as to make a games office that satisfies clients. In sports clubs, the best five most productive projects/administrations are close to home preparing, rub treatment, food/refreshments, an aquatics program, and a tennis program. Our exercise center will give these administrations and in this way increment our profitability. We will assemble an enormous complex that will incorporate a pool, individual preparing offices, b-ball courts, a day spa, tennis courts, and numerous different highlights to draw in customers. In Sandton were our wellness community will be arranged has 20 to multi year old populace. This implies our customers pools is huge as well as that these individuals are experienced and have achieved the financial status that will be required so as to accomplish and keep up our administration. Taking everything into account, our beneficial new exercise center will be a planned exertion among four hopeful business people to make a definitive in sports and recreation wellness. Organization Description Sandton Fitness Center and Beauty Spa are centered around adolescents (13+), youthful grown-ups and grown-ups. Sandton Fitness Center has its various projects for various age gatherings. Sandton Fitness Center is 55,000 square feet. It is situated in 1560 Grayston Street, in Sandton. Sandton Fitness Center and Beauty spa likewise have a childcare community, where they care for youngsters while their folks are occupied with their exercises. The childcare community can as of now care for 40 youngsters however just 10 babies. Sandton Beauty Spa is another goal offering clients the mix of full body knead, waxing, body medicines, facials, nail trims, pedicures, hostile to maturing medications and lasers. Organization history Wellness Center and Beauty spa was made on 14 February 2007, to furnish occupied and working individuals with a wellness place and a stunner spa. Fit focus and a delight spa all joined astonished and made individuals energized. Wellness focus is secretly financed by agent and speculators. More than 80,000 was put into the organization. The cash secured types of gear, publicizing efforts, flyers, banners, promoting a web and to make an area name. the organization battled for long, a great many people favored the rec center not the excellence spa, since they were griping and stressed over the expenses. So the inside needed to bring down them a tad. Deals were likewise less. So Fitness focus chose to make specials each following two months and on unique events like Valentines Day and birthday celebrations, yet just on the excellence spas side. The rec center value continues as before. Toward the end things showed signs of improvement. Statements of purpose Make individuals exercise condition that advertisers trust in our customers. Wellness focus and magnificence spa gives our individuals excellence treatment at a reasonable cost and serious cost, while giving the significant level of clients administration and fulfillment. Our business is centered around everybody most particularly famous people who care a ton about wellness and looking great. Item and Services Wellness Center and Beauty Spa Services are the accompanying: Wellness focus has an expert fitness coach who will help everybody in the rec center. Our fitness coaches help you with an activity program. Wellness Center likewise has a certified dietician who will help every part on his/her best and sound food to eat. Inside the rec center there are paramedics who are there to help individuals if might be a part gets harmed or crumples, or some other infection, they are there full time. Wellness Center has additionally recruited a certified clinician, who will help with loads of pressure and empowering them for a path forward to carry on with a solid life. Magnificence Spa Services Full body knead Waxing Nail treatment Pedicure Hostile to maturing medicines Facials Lasers Offer creams and excellence item on special Industry investigation Size The wellbeing and wellness showcase is huge and as yet developing increasingly more due to the wellbeing unrest individuals have become more wellbeing cognizant with an end goal to protect and draw out their lives because of the quick pace living style of today. The wellness and wellbeing industry is a 40 billion dollar that is quick paced and imaginative and exceptionally serious. In South Africa the market isn't developed at this point it is still in its early stages right now. Development The universal wellbeing and wellness industry has become roughly 12% for as far back as decade with the special case with 2009 it diminished 3 % because of the log jam of shopper spending on account of the worldwide credit emergency. Locally the wellbeing and wellness industry has likewise developed particularly due to the presentation of one the pioneers of the neighborhood wellbeing and wellness industry Planet wellness was casted a ballot the best performing organizations of 2010 regardless of the log jam of the economy. Deals projection The over all industry is relied upon to just become 10% in light of the high joblessness and poor buyer spending implying that individuals are hesitant to go through their cash spending just on outright necessities. Industry structure The South African wellbeing and wellness industry is commanded by a bunch of huge firms being Virgin Active, Planet wellness and Smart Gym. Anyway these enormous wellbeing and wellness specialist co-ops are not investigating the whole market and meeting the particular needs that we have had the option to distinguish in the market. They are to huge to fulfill the particular needs of the whole market as far as development and imagination and customized overhauled just as the rearrangements of administrations. They are additionally delayed to respond to changes in the business condition just as the new patterns and improvements in the realm of wellbeing and wellness .For instance the pattern currently is the rearrangements and simplicity of everything without exception that would muddle our life utilizing imaginative and inventive plans to build life quality and drag out lives as far as might be feasible. Basic Success Factors 1. Responsibility At the Top. 2. Qualified Professional Staff. 3. Plan Then Proceed. 4. Area, Location, Location. 5. Right Size Right Cost. 6. Program to Match Needs 7. Compelling Integration. 8. Right Price Minimal Discounts. 9. Pledge to Marketing and Sales. 10. Pledge to Outstanding Customer Service. 11. Measure, Manage and Measure Again. 12. Viable Communications with Members. Supervisory group and Company Structure The supervisory group is contained all the organizers of The Santon Health and Fitness Center Keleabetswe Sepengused, Marcelino Maliti Moises, Gonste Bokaba and Kgabo Lucia Mathibe. Chief of Marketing and deals The chief of showcasing and deals is answerable for all the advertising of the organization requirements for instance advancement, promoting, statistical surveying and deals Mrs. Keleabetswe Sepeng used to be the advertising and team lead for Virgin Active from 2005 - 2011 she will assume responsibility for a similar post in the new organization. Mrs Sepeng is exceptionally perceived in the business and has a bosses degree in promoting CFO The CFO is answerable for the over all money related control and the executives of the organization. The obligations and duty include making control, administrative and assessing measures for appropriate, moral and legitimate money related control Mr. Marcelino M Moises will take the situation of CFO Chief Financial Officer since he has the most qualified and has the most involvement with the field in the wake of having worked for Planet readiness for more than 10 years Mr. Marcelino has a Bachelor of Accounting Sciences and BA degree in Business Administrations CEO The CEO is the most noteworthy situation in the organization, the obligations and duties of the CEO is the general running of the whole association, settle on choices for the whole associations .arranging ,driving, compose ,controlling Mr. Gontse Bokaba will take the situation of CEO Chief Executive Officer of the association. Mr. Gontse Bokaba has worked for SAA South African Air Lines for more than 5 as the main activities director. Mr. Gontse Bokaba has a Master qualification in Business Management Boss Operations Officer The central activities official is capable arranging, planning and dealing with the tasks of the organization propositions incorporate office organizations, managing that the two items and administrations are Mrs. Kgabo Lucia Mathibe will practice the situation of COO Chief Operations official or Managing Director since she has been the supervisor at a day Spar for a long time so she has both knowledge and knows the magnificence business in and out. Mrs. Kgabo Lucia has a degree in Business Administrations and an ace in Human asset the board. Just as head the HR division seeing as he has involvement with enlisting and staffing. Chief Gontse DOM Keleabetswe CFO Marcelino COO Lucia Industry structure The South African wellbeing and wellness industry is overwhelmed

Google

Google With several of the core General Institute Requirements out of the way, sophomore year was really the dawn of my computer science life at MIT. Impostor syndrome started to take a backseat, and taking CS classes I enjoyed and did reasonably well in was a confidence booster. Soon enough though, I had to start thinking about internships, and I couldn’t help but feel the creeping approach of “not-enoughness. As career fair drew closer, resume workshops and interview tips began to dominate my inbox. Companies were hosting multitudes of events on campus, drawing us in with tech talks and lotteries for electronic swag, which we could usually enter by submitting a resume. I didn’t have a resume, and when I solicited some sample resumes from my friends, a clear difference emerged. On theirs: Github repositories populated with a multitude of extracurricular code, polished websites, sophisticated projects. On mine: a spatter of somewhat relevant classes and side projects I felt were too simple to be worth including. After speaking with some friends at Alpha Delta Phi, I consulted with staff at MIT’s Career Development office. Around the period of the fall Career Fair Week, the office let students book quick appointments for resume reviews, interview tips, offer negotiation tactics, and so on. I met with a nice lady who encouraged me to include my Olympiad and writing experiences from before MIT, as well as compensate for my relatively low CS experience by emphasizing one of the bigger projects I’d implemented in an MIT class. All of a sudden, I had something of a resume, but it still felt inadequate. Career Fair came and went in a blink. I stopped by for less than an hour and quickly left, after an enormous buildup of anxiety took over. I spent the days and weeks that followed caught in the usual MIT routine, and put an internship search on the backburner. It wasn’t necessarily feeling like I couldn’t land an internship. A combination of (to my ears) an adequate but relatively average resume, insufficient experience, fear of interviewing and the constant workload MIT unraveled each day put me in a state of complacency career-wise. Then one evening, I received an e-mail about a talk Google was having on campus. It was right after one of my classes, and I figured it couldn’t hurt to check it out, and at the very least, grab some free swag. ** Most of the swag had vanished when I arrived (although I did manage to grab a nice pair of socks) but I came just in time to hear one of the Google engineers speak about his route to the company, starting from his freshman year in college with virtually no experience. He spoke passionately, and after the talk was over, a small ball had knotted my chest, a familiar ball that meant I was on the verge of doing something potentially nerve-wracking. I got back to my dorm, and immediately filled out an application for Google’s Engineering Practicum Internship Program. It was designed for college freshmen and sophomores with little experience in Computer Science, and seemed like just the perfect thing I needed. Boosted by this, I sent out my resume to several other companies (which would result in several rejection e-mails) over the days that followed. A few weeks after I’d sent out my resume, I got contacted by a recruiter to set up two back-to-back phone interviews, each of them roughly an hour long. They constituted my first coding interviews, and as such, I was incredibly nervous. I remember the twenty minutes or so prior to the first call. I was in my room, spread across the bed, and playing some Taylor Swift music, trying to get into a state of calmness. Breathe in. Breathe out. The interviews had a straightforward structure: the interviewers, current Google engineers, would spend a minute or two talking about themselves or about you, but pretty quickly, they’d get into the meat of the hour. You were given one or more challenges, which you solved by thinking aloud and writing code on a shared Google Doc, each keystroke and backspace visible. The first interview went pretty great; the second felt like a trainwreck in which my brain just decided to turn to mush and forget everything I knew about coding. I ended up having to do a third interview, which went well. Shortly afterward, I was accepted into the program. ** I interned twice at Google, first in 2015 at their Los Angeles Office as an Engineering Practicum Intern, and again in 2016 at their Boston Office (right across the MIT campus) as a Software Engineering Intern. Although the former program had a greater deal of mentorship, both summers essentially consisted of working Monday through Friday reading and writing code. Spending the summer of 2015 in Los Angeles was magical. I left the perpetual variability of Boston’s weather and stepped into a wonderland of mid-seventies stability. The apartment hunt was quite frustratingalthough Google helped out a great deal by providing interns with a housing stipend and giving us access to a document detailing how previous interns had gone about looking for housing. I ended up sharing a two-bedroom apartment with three other Google interns. It was unfurnished, and our only furnishings that summer were a small carpet that looked rather comical on the floor of a large, empty living room and a set of chairs. I purchased an air mattress that had a funny way of deflating when I was deep in sleep, so that I’d always wake up to my face on the ground. However, splitting that apartment four-ways, combined with the stipend, made it very affordable. Plus, with us on the twelfth floor, we had a sweeping view of the Los Angeles skyline. Before starting off work in LA, I spent a week at the Google Headquarters in Mountain View, an incredibly large campus I could see myself still getting lost in even if I were there for years. Orientation Week was fast-paced and intense, as we were introduced to the company’s culture, code base, practices, guidelines and sweet, sweet food. Interns were represented across multitudes of schools and from all over the country. We wore brightly-colored Noogler hats and probably had this look of constant wonder on our face. That week invoked familiar images of being new to the United States and to MIT, that overwhelming sense of utter fascination, of getting lost in a sea of brilliant minds. Innovation was happening quietly, in buildings all around us, and even if we couldn’t see it right then, we could feel it. And for those summers, in our own ways, we could be part of it. ** The binoculars-shaped LA office was designed by Frank Gehry, the same architect behind MIT’s distinctively shaped Stata Center. Its uniqueness was a fitting metaphor for everything that followed; my traditional notions of what an office typically looked like were met with Google’s own imagination of a workspace, the sort of bright-eyed, in-the-clouds imagination that MIT got me familiar with. The designs were thematic, incorporating features of the office locations into its structure. The perks were incredibly enticing too. Across both offices: free massages, an onsite barber, cafes serving breakfast, lunch and dinner, a gym, a music room, a game room, a library, fire poles down which we could slide, rock-climbing walls, and on the list goes. I remember thinking how the heck anyone got work done. ** And the work itself was the heart of my internships at Google. After spending endless hours speeding through MIT’s roulette of classes and labs and problem sets, getting to translate that to an industrial setting was quite the experience. Google has defined the entirety of my CS industry experience, and is thus my only reference point, but going behind-the-scenes into the company’s codebase, for me, bordered more on Harry-Potter-style magic than on technicity. As an intern, I had access to the vast majority of the company’s internal codebase, to which I could now add. For both summers, the early weeks of the internship were defined by reading through heaps of code and extensive documentations (Googlers will often complain about the variable quality of their code documentation, but it’s largely thorough, perhaps intimidatingly so). I felt a bit lost both times, just by the sheer newness of everything, but as the internship progressed, familiarity took over. I got to learn new languages, and then learn Google’s version of those languages. I got to learn their process of code review (every line of code gets reviewed before being checked in), code rollback, style guides. I got to learn about strange, powerful technologies implemented by their engineers, tech that made researching and processing large amounts of data seamless. I got to see the magic of Computer Science at a wider scale than I had in the past. My Los Angeles internship was a great mix of research and coding. The description that follows is about as high-level as I can get, but hopefully it paints something of a picture. For Google’s advertising customers, the team I worked with (Brand Insights) was interested in measuring and classifying some metrics. For the first half of my internship, I researched on and documented possible different algorithms for which these metrics could be computed, and ended up choosing and implementing what I considered the best one. Then, using Google’s MapReduce system, I was able to compute and classify metrics for billions of existing data points. The team also had an internal UI prototype, to which I made a slight expansion by adding a time-range selection feature for which metrics could be computed. The 2016 Software Engineering Internship in Boston was decidedly more involved, and was a Machine Learning project. I had to preprocess data from multiple internal sources to extract features for thousands of entities, train the data on a classifier using classic machine learning algorithms (Adaptive Boosting, Winnow, Random Forest), and sort of play around with the parameters until the accuracy was satisfactory. Then I had to integrate the trained classifier into the pipeline that fetched these entities, so that it could generate and classify new unlabeled data. I also got to take a 20-hour ML course to complement my coding work, making for a very engaging summer. Beyond reading and writing code, I also had to give presentations, create documentations, attend team meetings, and quite memorably attend the company’s weekly TGIF meeting, which actually takes place on Thursdays. It occurs live in the Mountain View headquarters, and streams to other Google offices worldwide. Larry Page and Sergey Brin, the Google co-founders, often lead the meetings, and talk about the state of the company. Different teams also talk about their products and give demos. At my first TGIF meeting, with my bright Noogler hat on, I grabbed some wings, sat somewhere in the back, facing huge screens streaming from Google HQ and a ripple of chatter. I remember thinking, This is really happening. ** And being a Googler didn’t end when I wrote my last bit of code for the day. Whether it was with my team, or with other Googlers drawn from different teams in the office, we were often united in non-technical endeavors. About a month into my LA internship, I joined several Googlers at Venice Beach for a few hours. Dozens of footprints in the sand tracked our path as we picked up as much trash as we could and disposed of them. The people in my immediate vicinity on that afternoon constantly shifted, whether it was Emilia, my Engineering Practicum Host, or other interns or engineers I hadn’t met before that day. Conversation shifted with them, but it felt light and easy, comfortable. I also ended up spending a few hours one week just patrolling the Los Angeles Office. My eager self had signed up to be part of a group of Googlers giving high school kids a tour of the building, and at that point, I was still getting lost. So I learned where the cafes were, and the numerous microkitchens, and the Game Room, and the huge Google Earth device that let you see any location in the world on multiple large screens surrounding you. The tour went great, although at one point I was certain I would emerge with some of the kids into some strange new room and suddenly have no idea where we were, forcing us to spend an eternity in that subsection of the office. On the bright side, no matter where we were, we wouldnt have to walk for long to find a microkitchen stuffed with snacks. One of my favorite memories from that internship was probably the nugget eating contest my Brand Insights team had. The goal was to eat fifty McNuggets in sixty minutes. The reward, aside from all that free food, was immortalizationyour picture would go up on the team’s Hall of Fame wall. We sat outside, surrounded by boxes of Nuggets and napkins and drinks. The timer was set, and we went in immediately. Fifty nuggets in an hour seemed like nothing to me, a confidence that didn’t waver until about 15 nuggets in. Then, my pace slowed, but I kept on, relentless. About forty-seven nuggets in, I gave up. Yes, I only needed three more nuggets, but I was pretty sure I’d explode at that point if another molecule of food found its way into my mouth. Emilia, my project host, absolutely destroyed all fifty of her nuggets, in a display of effortlessness that still amazes me to this day. That summer, I would also attend the Special Olympics with Googlers at the University of Southern California. I would spend some Saturdays walking dogs with fellow engineers (I got attached to a very energetic Beagle). I would take part in a karaoke contest with interns in which my inner Taylor Swift came roaring out, unleashed. And I would share some of my writing with Googlers. Those unexpected e-mails of “Hey I read this and thought it was wonderful” always made my week. My internship at Google was about good code and putting what I’d learned at MIT to great use. It was about newfound confidence, bolstered by a chance they took on me and the support my project hosts gave me. It was about rediscovering Computer Science, and realizing that when you put together a band of the brightest minds in the world, what you create more closely resembles sorcery than machinery. It was about people who loved their work, and were more than their work. It was about excellent food, and new friends, and going to bed each night feeling incredibly content. One of the things that especially stood out to me was the mostly clean separation between “work” and “life”. At MIT, even when you weren’t doing problem sets, the specter of undone work, unmet deadlines hung around you at every moment. 3 P.M. was just as potential a time to be doing some work at 3 A.M. But for both summers, while I did occasionally have to work overtime, as soon as I logged out and left, there was no lingering specter. It made for a great balance that sometimes gets missing at MIT. There were off-kilter moments at times, whether it was from noticing how few engineers of color were around (although Google’s efforts at diversity are immense and well-documented), or just from my own anxiety kicking in right before a presentation. However, the memories of that summer are imprinted in a hallway of all my best life memories. And just before my last internship ended, when I received the e-mail about interest in moving forward, I already knew what I wanted to do. ** In September 2016, I accepted a full-time Software Engineering job offer from Google. I’ll be starting sometime in September of this year, in their New York Office. Needless to say, I am beyond excited. In just a few days, I graduate from MIT, a crazy fact I still haven’t quite processed yet. But as the chapter on the Institute reaches a conclusion that part of me isn’t entirely ready for, a whole new book awaits. And I can’t wait to turn the page. Post Tagged #Career Fair

Julian Abele

Julian Abele (born April 29, 1881 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, according to the University of Pennsylvania University Archives and Records Center) is best known in Durham, North Carolina as the architect of the Duke University campus. The story of Julian Francis Abele is not rags-to-riches but a tale of hard work and dedication. In college Abele called himself Willing and Able. A brilliant and accomplished student, Abele became the first Black graduate of the University of Pennsylvanias School of Architecture. Although not Americas first architect of color, Julian Abele was one of the first prominent Black architects in America, finding success with the Philadelphia architecture firm led by Horace Trumbauer. The Duke University Chapel may be Abeles most famous building. Died: April 23, 1950 in Philadelphia Education, Training, and Professional Life: Institute for Colored Youth and Brown Preparatory School, Philadelphia1898: Pennsylvania Museum and School of Industrial Art1902: B.A. in Arch. - University of Pennsylvania1902-1903: Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts; worked for Philadelphia architect Louis C. Hickman while in school1903-1905: traveled to Western US, worked on a house for his sisters family, Elizabeth Rebecca Abele Cookcirca 1905: three years of travel in Europe and study in France1906: began work for Horace Trumbauer; became chief designer in 1909 until Trumbauers death in 1938. The Office of Horace Trumbauer continued under the leadership of its principals, Julian Abele and William O. Frank1942: Admitted to the American Institute of Architects (AIA) Notable Buildings as Trumbauers Chief Designer: 1909-1912: James Buchanan Duke House, New York Cityc. 1912: Frank P. Mitchell house (Argentine Embassy), Washington, DC1915: Miramar (The George D. Widener Cottage), Newport, RI1915: Widener Library, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA1921: Whitemarsh Hall, Chestnut Hill, Pennsylvania1925: Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, PA1927: Central Library, Free Library of Philadelphia, PA1928: James B. Clews Residence, Long Island, NY1930: Perkins Library, Duke University West Campus, Durham, North Carolina1935: Duke University Chapel, West Campus, Durham, North Carolina1938: Duke University Dormitories, West Campus, Durham, NC1940: Cameron Indoor Stadium, Duke University West Campus, Durham, NC At the turn of the twentieth century, many American architects made a good living building Great Homes of the Gilded Age. Horace Trumbauers commission to build a New York City estate for tobacco tycoon James B. Duke really paid off with the much larger projects at Duke University, where Julian Abele made his mark in architecture. Personal Life: 1925: Married to Marguerite Bulle, a French musician; three children, Julian, Jr., Marguerite Marie (died in childhood), and Nadia Boulanger. The marriage dissolved by 1936 when the younger Marguerite became involved with another musician. They never divorced.Julian, Jr. and Abeles sisters child, Julian Abele Cook (1904 - 1986), both became architects Duke University Architecture: In 1892 Trinity College moved 70 miles east to Durham, North Carolina and the Duke family began funding campus building. By 1924, the Duke Endowment was established and Trinity College transformed into Duke University. The original East Campus was renovated with Georgian-style buildings, after the Collegiate Georgian Architecture popular at other universities. Beginning in 1927 a West Campus was added, built in a Gothic-revival architectural style also popular at large, established Ivy League institutions. Architecture was used to bring students, faculty, and prestige to the new Duke institution — if it looked like a university, it must be one. The Philadelphia architecture firm led by Horace Trumbauer began the transformation of Trinity into Duke. Trumbauers head designer Julian Abele, along with William O. Frank, tackled the Duke projects from 1924 to 1958. The pià ¨ce de rà ©sistance of Abeles designs is the iconic Duke Chapel, which became the centerpiece of the West Campus. Collegiate Gothic style is a revival of 12th century Gothic architecture, with soaring ceilings, pointed arches, and flying buttresses. For Dukes Chapel, begun in 1930, Abele employed modern building techniques and materials to eliminate the need to buttress the walls. Steel trusses and structural Guastavino ceramic tile gave strength to the 210 foot structure, while local volcanic Hillsborough bluestone distinguished the distinctive facade of the neo-Gothic design. The Chapel tower, modeled after Englands Canterbury Cathedral, became a prototype for many of the future towers of Duke University. Olmsted landscape architects, from the prestigious firm founded by Frederick Law Olmsted, were employed to create a walkable campus, connecting the architecture with the surrounding natural beauty. If the intent of Duke was to rival the great universities of the northeast, this twentieth century campus, designed in part by a prominent Black architect, accomplished the task. In the Words of Julian Abele: The shadows are all mine. — commenting on the unsigned architectural drawings for the Gothic Revival Duke University Chapel, Duke University Archives Learn More: Out of the Shadows by Susan E. Tifft, Smithsonian Magazine, February 2005Philadelphia Area Architecture of Horace Trumbauer (Images of America) by Rachel Hildebrandt and the Old York Road Historical Society, 2009American Splendor: The Residential Architecture of Horace Trumbauer by Michael C. Kathrens, rev. 2012Duke University: An Architectural Tour by John M. Bryan, 2000Duke University: An Architectural Tour (The Campus Guide) by Ken Friedlein and John Pearce, 2015Friends of Julian Abele Park, Philadelphia, PA Sources: Penn Biographies, University of Pennsylvania University Archives and Records Center; Julian F. Abele, Architect, Free Library of Philadelphia; Biography and Projects from the American Architects and Buildings database, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia; Dukes Architecture, Office of the University Architect, Duke University; Black U.S. Architect Designed a Bond with Argentina, IIP Digital, Bureau of International Information Programs, U.S. Department of State; Frank P. Mitchell House, African American Historic Places Database, National Trust for Historic Preservation; History, The Building at http://chapel.duke.edu/history/building, Duke University Chapel. Websites accessed April 3-4, 2014.

The Standards Movement Developing High Quality Early...

The standards movement plays a critical role in developing high-quality early childhood programs. According to Freeney, Galper, and Seefeldt (2009) â€Å"the standards movement is one of the most influential trends in all of education in the last few decades† (p. 260). The main goal of creating standards in early childhood education was to prepare all children to start school ready to learn. However, there was much debate about what and how readiness was determined. This brief dissertation describes the standards movement and its relation to developmentally appropriate practices (DAP), identifies and explains my position in regards to these approaches, and identifies a particular instructional strategy that reinforces early learning standards. The Standards Movement The standards movement emerged during former President Bill Clinton’s presidency in 1989 to ensure that early childhood programs followed guidelines that prepared young children for school. Young learners were prepared in areas of cognitive, language and communication, physical, and social/emotional development. The National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) and the National Association of Early Childhood Specialists in State Departments of Education (NAECS/SDE, n. d.) notes â€Å"that early learning standards can be a valuable part of a comprehensive, high-quality system of services for young children† (p. 1). However, key elements that must take place to ensure success include: (1) emphasizeShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Play For Early Childhood Education Programs1699 Words   |  7 Pagesexamine?the relevance of the main discourses of play for early childhood education programs This essay introduces the definition of play, its importance in early years. It also makes us understand the different contributions made by theorists in enhancing our understanding the value of play. It also examines the implications of play on children and early childhood services. We also discuss the origin and role of child-initiated play in a child?s early years. Play is defined as universal language and aRead MoreChildhood Obesity : A Serious Medical Condition That Affects Children And Adolescents Essay1736 Words   |  7 PagesThe Mayo Clinic goes on to say that childhood obesity is particularly troubling because it starts kids off on an early path to health complications that they could encounter later in life (Mayo). The Centers for Decease Control and Prevention (CDC) has recently started referring to obesity as an â€Å"epidemic† and new national statistics show that about 16.06% of American children, ages six years old to eleven years old, are considered to be overweigh (Childhood Obesity Facts). 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Annotations Heart of Darkness Free Essays

Passage 1 â€Å"I left in a French steamer: The French Steam Ship and she called in every blamed port they have out there, for, as far as I could see, the sole purpose of landing soldiers and custom-house officers. I watched the coast. Watching a coast as it slips by the ship is like thinking about an enigma. We will write a custom essay sample on Annotations Heart of Darkness or any similar topic only for you Order Now Analogy comparing the coast slipping by the ship to a mystery. There it is before you — smiling, frowning, inviting, grand, mean, insipid, or savage, and always mute with an air of whispering, Personification: Giving humanlike features to the coast. ‘Come and find out. This one was almost featureless, as if still in the making, with an aspect of monotonous grimness. Suggesting that the coast invites us to uncover its secrets. The edge of a colossal jungle, so dark-green as to be almost black by using these two words is the author purposely trying to imply racial discrimination†¦.? , fringed with white surf, ran straight, like a ruled line, far, far away along a blue sea whose glitter was blurred by a creeping mist. The sun was fierce, the land seemed to glisten and drip with steam. Here and there grayish-whitish specks showed up clustered inside the white surf, with a flag flying above them perhaps. Whitish specks† symbolize the white settlements. Settlements some centuries old, and still no bigger than pinheads on the untouched expanse of their background. They looked so small in the huge jungle. We pounded along, stopped, landed Parallelism soldiers; went on, landed Parallelism custom-house clerks to levy toll in what looked like a God-forsaken wilderness, with a tin shed and a flag-pole lost in it; landed Parallelism more soldiers — to take care of the custom-house clerks, presumably. Some, I heard, got drowned in the surf; but whether they did or not, nobody seemed particularly to care. They were just flung out there, and on we went. Every day the coast looked the same, as though we had not moved; but we passed various places — trading places — with names like Gran’ Bassam, Little Popo; names that seemed to belong to some sordid farce acted in front of a sinister back-cloth. The idleness of a passenger, my isolation amongst all these men with whom I had no point of contact, the oily and languid sea, the uniform somberness of the coast, Using descriptive language to describe the calm motionless sea†¦ seemed to keep me away from the truth of things, within the toil of a mournful and senseless delusion. The voice of the surf heard now and then was a positive pleasure, like the speech of a brother. The sound of the waves was a calm sound for him and he compares it to the voice of a brother using a simile. It was something natural that had its reason that had a meaning. Now and then a boat from the shore gave one a momentary contact with reality. Sometimes the boat on the shore reminded him of reality†¦this quote touches the theme of the story, It was paddled by black fellows. â€Å"Black fellows† Discriminatory language-(You could see from afar the white of their eyeballs glistening. They shouted, sang; their bodies streamed with perspiration; they had faces like grotesque masks Is this a caricature, its describing the features of the â€Å"blacks† as a grotesque mask which to me sounds exaggerated and inaccurate. How can you say that about someone? Isn’t that a bit condescending, comparing their faces to an ugly mask (simile) these chaps; but they had bone, muscle, a wild vitality, an intense energy of movement, descriptive language describing their sharp features. that was as natural and true as the surf along their coast. They wanted no excuse for being there. They were a great comfort to look at. For a time I would feel I belonged still to a world of straightforward facts. What are the straight forward facts and who defines them? ; But the feeling would not last long. Something would turn up to scare it away. Once, I remember, we came upon a man-of-war anchored off the coast. There wasn’t even a shed there, and she was shelling the bush. It appears the French had one of their wars going on thereabouts. Her ensign dropped limp like a rag; the muzzles of the long six-inch guns stuck out all over the low hull; the greasy, slimy swell swung her up lazily and let her down, swaying her thin masts. In the empty immensity of earth, sky, and water, there she was, incomprehensible, firing into a continent. Onomatopoeia(Pop, would go one of the six-inch guns; a small flame would dart and vanish, a little white smoke would disappear, a tiny projectile would give a feeble screech — and nothing happened. Nothing could happen. There was a touch of insanity in the proceeding ‘Touch of Insanity† is no t the lateral meaning of the word, in this case it can be used as a figure of speech, a sense of lugubrious drollery in the sight; and it was not dissipated by somebody on board assuring me earnestly there was a camp of natives — he called them enemies! — hidden out of sight somewhere. Passage 2: We penetrated deeper and deeper into the heart of darkness. It has a literal and figurative meaning. Literal in that the river shrunk as they continued on with their journey and opened up from the front. It’s figurative in that the heart of darkness symbolizes the things unknown and the things which represent or hold a larger importance. It was very quiet there. At night sometimes the roll of drums behind the curtain of trees would run up the river and remain sustained faintly, as if hovering in the air high over our heads, till the first break of day. Whether it meant war, peace, or prayer we could not tell. †¦ We were wanderers on prehistoric earth, on an earth that wore the aspect of an unknown planet. They had gone so far off, that they went able to recognize anything and thus they felt like they were born again as they went further down into the heart of darkness. We could have fancied ourselves the first of men taking possession of an accursed inheritance, to be subdued at the cost of profound anguish and of excessive toil. But suddenly, as we struggled round a bend, there would be a glimpse of rush walls, of peaked grass hoofs, a burst of yells, a whirl of black limbs, a mass of hands clapping, of feet stamping, of bodies swaying, of eyes rolling, Parallelism(‘†¦of†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢) under the droop of heavy and motionless foliage. .. The prehistoric man was cursing us, praying to us, welcoming us-who Parallelism (‘†¦was’) could tell. Who is to judge whether they were welcoming them or abusing them. This passage shows uncertainty in that nothing seems understandable. ? We were cut off from the comprehension of our surroundings; we glided past like phan toms, Simile in that as the glided past no one noticed them and like a ghost it almost wasn’t real. Nothing seemed real, and their presence was insignificant. They were invisible. ondering and secretly appalled, as sane men would be before an enthusiastic outbreak in a madhouse. Analogy: As they tried to discover the unknown just like men from a mad house released and waiting to get out and notice everything. could not understand because we were too far and could not remember, because we were traveling in the night of first ages, of those ages that are gone, leaving hardly a sign-and no memories. The earth seemed unearthly. Paradox We are accustomed to 1ook upon the shackled form of a conquered monster, but there – there you could look at a thing monstrous and free. It was unearthly, and the men were–No, they were not inhuman. Well, you know, that was the worst of it-this suspicion of their not being inhuman. I would come slowly to one. They howled and leaped, and spun, and made horrid faces; but what thrilled you was just the thought of their humanity-like yours-the thought of your remote kinship with this wild and passionate uproar. Ugly. Yes, it was ugly enough; They were horrified and unable to recognize there surroundings. They felt like they had been born again into a world waiting to be re discovered. ut if you were man enough you would admit to yourself that there was in you just the faintest trace of a response to the terrible frankness of that noise, a dim suspicion of there being a meaning in it which you -you so remote from tile night of the first ages–could comprehend. And why not? The mind of man is capable of anything-because everything is in it, all the past as well as the future. What was there after all? Joy, fear , sorrow, devotion, valor, rage-who can tell? -but truth-truth stripped of its cloak of time. Let the fool gape and shudder-the man knows, and can look on without a wink. But he must at least be as much of a man as these on the shore. He must meet that truth with his own true stuff-with his inborn strength. They were searching for the truth†¦but what was really the ‘truth’? Principles won’t do. Acquisitions, clothes, pretty rags–rags that would fly off at the first good shake. No; you want a deliberate belief. An appeal to me in this fiendish row-is there? Very well; I hear; I admit, but I have a voice, Parallelism (‘†¦I†¦ ’) too, and for good or evil mine is the speech that cannot be silenced. Of course, a fool, what with sheer fright and fine sentiments, is always safe. How to cite Annotations Heart of Darkness, Essay examples

Rewind by Rascal Flatts free essay sample

It has been two years since Rascal Flatts released their last album, â€Å"Changed.† While I have been a big fan since the start of their career, and I enjoyed â€Å"Changed,† it underperformed more than any of their previous efforts. Fortunately for long-time fans like me, their newest album, â€Å"Rewind,† is excellent. â€Å"Rewind† includes 13 tracks on the standard edition and 17 on the Target Exclusive Deluxe edition. I often worry that with many songs on a record, it is going to be a battle of quantity over quality, but not on â€Å"Rewind.† Rascal Flatts moves forward, modernizing their sound to find the contemporary style of country radio today. While several tracks lean toward a pop sound, lead singer Gary LeVox says that they have always been â€Å"country with a flare of pop.† In short, this album makes perfect sense. On a majority of tracks, the band chose to work with rock producer Howard Benson. We will write a custom essay sample on Rewind by Rascal Flatts or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page (Dann Huff had produced the band since 2004.) Rascal Flatts own Jay DeMarcus also had a hand in producing a large portion of the album. While Huff did produce a few songs, he was not heavily involved this time around. To those who think it doesnt matter who produces an album, â€Å"Rewind† proves that sometimes change is a good thing. While the harmonization in the title track is reminiscent of â€Å"Prayin for Daylight† from their debut album 14 years ago, and â€Å"I Have Never Been to Memphis† will remind you of â€Å"Bless the Broken Road† from 2004, Rascal Flatts does not repeat history. This collection is upbeat, optimistic, and plays well in live shows. The songs will get stuck in your head, and listeners will connect with the lyrics. â€Å"Rewind† is â€Å"Powerful Stuff.† (Youll understand the reference when you hear the album.) Overall, the album is carefully crafted and the three men take a leap of faith. No track is played safely, and that is an advantage. They did not create cookie-cutter country pop songs. Rascal Flatts creates a style all their own, one that will shoot them straight back to the top. Buy the album and crank your speakers. You will be rocked Rascal Flatts style. Key tracks: â€Å"Rewind,† â€Å"I Have Never Been to Memphis,† â€Å"Riot,† â€Å"Im on Fire,† â€Å"The Mechanic.†

Strategies to Help a First-Year Teacher Survive

Strategies to Help a First-Year Teacher Survive Being a first-year teacher comes with a plethora of emotions, both good and bad. First-year teachers are typically excited, overwhelmed, nervous, anxious, overzealous, and even a little scared. Being a teacher is a rewarding career, but there are times when  it can be extremely stressful and challenging. Most teachers would agree that the first year is their most difficult, simply because they are not adequately prepared for all that will be thrown at them.    It may sound clichà ©d, but experience really is the best teacher. No matter how much training a first-year teacher receives, nothing can truly prepare them for the real thing. Teaching is composed of many different uncontrollable variables, making each day its own unique challenge. It is important for first-year teachers to remember that they are running a marathon and not a race. No single day, good or bad, can dictate success or failure. Instead, it is the culmination of every moment added together, There are several strategies that can help make each day for a first-year teacher go smoother. The following survival guide will help teachers as they begin their journey into this incredible and rewarding career path. Arrive Early and Stay Late Contrary to popular belief, teaching is not an 8:00 a.m.– 3:00 p.m. job, and this is especially true for first-year teachers. By default, it takes first-year teachers more time to prepare than it will a veteran teacher. Always afford extra time. Arriving early and staying late allows you to properly prepare in the mornings and tie up loose ends at night. Stay Organized   Being organized is another key component that takes time and is essential to being a successful teacher. There are so many variables to account for that, if you are not organized, it can be very difficult to keep up with your responsibilities. Always keep in mind that organization and preparation are linked. Build Relationships Early and Often Building healthy relationships  often takes a lot of hard work and effort. However, it is a vital component if you want to be successful. Relationships must be forged with administrators, faculty and staff members, parents, and students. You will have a different relationship with each of these groups, but each is equally beneficial for you to be an effective teacher. Administrators – The key to building a healthy relationship with an administrator is to gain their trust by being a professional in all aspects. Hard work, reliability, dedication, and effective teaching results will help maintain a healthy relationship with your administrators.Faculty and Staff Members – All first-year teachers should rely upon one or several veteran teachers to assist and guide them through the first year. Having a support system of other teachers is invaluable. It is also essential to forge healthy relationships with all personnel in the school. Each staff member has a particular area of expertise that you will likely be beneficial to you.Parents – Parents can be your best friend or  worst enemy. Building a healthy relationship with parents relies on two key factors. The first is that you make it clear that your number one goal is to prepare their child academically. The second factor is that you communicate with each parent oftenusing vario us methodskeeping them up to date and providing them with both positive and negative feedback about their child. How your students feel about you will impact your overall effectiveness. There is a definite middle ground that lies between being too easy or too difficult. Most students love and respect teachers who are consistent, fair, humorous, compassionate, and knowledgeable. Dont set yourself up for failure by worrying too much about being liked or attempting to be their friends. Doing so will likely cause students to take advantage of you. Instead, start exceptionally strict and then ease off as the year progresses. Things will go much smoother if you use this  classroom management  approach. Experience is the Best Education No formal training can replace true, on the job, experience. Students will often be the true educators every day for your first-year teacher. This experience is invaluable, and the lessons learned can drive you to make solid teaching decisions over the course of your career. Have a Backup Plan Every first-year teacher comes in with their own unique philosophy, plan, and approach to how they are going to teach. Sometimes it can only take a few hours or days for them to realize that they are going to have to make adjustments. Every teacher needs a backup plan when trying something new, and for a first-year teacher, that means having a backup plan every single day. Nothing is worse than having a significant activity planned and realizing a few minutes in  that its not going as expected. Even the most well planned, and organized activity has the possibility of failing. Being prepared to move on to another activity is always an excellent idea. Immerse Yourself in the Curriculum Most first-year teachers do not have the luxury of being picky with their first job. They have to take what is available and run with it, no matter how comfortable they are with the curriculum. Each grade level will be different, and it is essential that you quickly become an expert in the curriculum that you will be teaching. Great teachers know their required objectives and curriculum inside and out. They also continuously look for methods that will improve how they teach and present that material. Teachers will quickly be discredited by their students if they are unable to explain, model, and demonstrate the material that they are teaching. Keep a Journal for Reflection A journal can be a valuable tool for a first-year teacher. Its impossible to  remember every important thought or event that happens throughout the year and writing them down makes it simple to access or review at any point. It is also gratifying to look back and reflect on how far you have come throughout your career. Keep Lesson Plans, Activities, Materials Prior to your first year, you might never have had to make  lesson plans. As you begin creating them, it is important to save a copy and build a portfolio. This should include your lesson plans, notes, activities, worksheets, quizzes, exams, etc. Though it may take a lot of time and effort, you have a terrific teaching tool that will make your job much easier from that point on. Prepare to be Overwhelmed It is natural to become frustrated and hit a wall as our first year will likely be the most demanding. Remind yourself that it will improve. In sports, they talk about the game being so fast for young players that they fail more often than not. However, as time passes, they become comfortable with everything. Everything eventually slows down, and they begin to be consistently successful. The same is true for teachers; that overwhelming feeling will disappear and you will begin to be more effective. Year Two Lessons Learned Your first year  will be many sprinkled with both failures and successes. Look at it as a learning experience. Take what works and run with it. Throw away what didn’t and replace it with something new that you believe will. Don’t expect everything to work out exactly as you plan, teaching isn’t easy. It will take hard work, dedication, and experience to be a master teacher. Moving forward, the lessons you learned in year one can help propel you to success throughout your career.

Biography of Juan Perón, Argentinas Populist President

Biography of Juan Perà ³n, Argentina's Populist President Juan Domingo Perà ³n (October 8, 1895–July 1, 1974) was an Argentine general who was elected president of Argentina three times: 1946, 1951, and 1973. An extraordinarily skilled politician, he had millions of supporters even during his years of exile, from 1955 to 1973. His policies were mostly populist and tended to favor the working classes, who embraced him and made him the most influential Argentine politician of the 20th century. Eva Evita Duarte de Perà ³n, his second wife, was an important factor in his success and influence. Fast Facts: Juan Perà ³n Known For: Argentine general and presidentBorn: Oct. 8, 1895 in Lobos, Buenos Aires ProvinceParents: Juana Sosa Toledo, Mario Toms Perà ³nDied: July 1, 1974 in Buenos AiresEducation: Graduated from Argentinas National Military CollegeSpouse(s): Aurelia Tizà ³n, Eva (Evita) Duarte, Isabel Martà ­nez Early Life Although he was born near Buenos Aires, he spent much of his youth in the harsh region of Patagonia with his family as his father tried his hand at various occupations, including ranching. At 16, he entered the National Military College and joined the army afterward, deciding to be a career soldier. He served in the infantry as opposed to the cavalry, which was for children of wealthy families. He married his first wife Aurelia Tizà ³n in 1929, but she died in 1937 of uterine cancer. Tour of Europe By the late 1930s, Lt. Col. Perà ³n was an influential officer in the Argentine army. Argentina didnt go to war during Perà ³ns lifetime; all of his promotions came during peacetime, and he owed his rise to his political skills as much as his military abilities. In 1938 he went to Europe as a military observer, visiting Italy, Spain, France, Germany, and other nations. While in Italy, he became a fan of the style and rhetoric of Italys Prime Minister Benito Mussolini, whom he greatly admired. He left Europe just before World War II began and returned to a nation in chaos. Rise to Power: 1941–1946 Political chaos in the 1940s afforded the ambitious and charismatic Perà ³n the opportunity to advance. As a colonel in 1943, he was among the plotters who supported Gen. Edelmiro Farrell’s coup against President Ramà ³n Castillo and was awarded the posts of secretary of war and then secretary of labor. As labor secretary, he made liberal reforms that endeared him to the Argentine working class. From 1944 to 1945 he was vice president of Argentina under Farrell. In October 1945, conservative foes tried to muscle him out, but mass protests led by his new wife Evita Duarte forced the military to restore him to office. Evita Perà ³n had met Eva Duarte, a singer and actress known as Evita, while they were doing relief work for a 1944 earthquake. They married in October  1945. Evita became an invaluable asset during her husbands first two terms in office. Her empathy for and connection with Argentina’s poor and downtrodden were unprecedented. She started important social programs for the poorest Argentines, promoted womens suffrage, and personally handed out cash in the streets to the needy. After her death in 1952, the pope received thousands of letters demanding her elevation to sainthood. First Term as President: 1946–1951 Perà ³n was elected president in February 1946 and was an able administrator during his first term. His goals were increased employment and economic growth, international sovereignty, and social justice. He nationalized banks and railways, centralized the grain industry, and raised worker wages. He put a time limit on daily hours worked and instituted a mandatory Sundays-off policy for most jobs. He paid off foreign debts and built many public buildings, including schools and hospitals. Internationally, he declared a â€Å"third way† between the Cold War powers and managed to have good diplomatic relations with both the United States and the Soviet Union. Second Term: 1951–1955 Perà ³n’s problems began in his second term. Evita passed away in 1952. The economy stagnated and the working class began to lose faith in him. His opposition, mostly conservatives who disapproved of his economic and social policies, became bolder. After attempting to legalize prostitution and divorce, he was excommunicated. When he held a rally to protest the movement against him, opponents in the military launched a coup that included the Argentine Air Force and Navy bombing the Plaza de Mayo, the central square in Buenos Aires, killing almost 400. On Sept. 16, 1955, military leaders seized power in Cordoba and drove Perà ³n out on Sept. 19. Exile: 1955–1973 Perà ³n spent the next 18 years in exile, mainly in Venezuela and Spain. Although the new government made any support of Perà ³n illegal (including even saying his name in public), he maintained great influence over Argentine politics, and candidates he supported frequently won elections. Many politicians came to see him, and he welcomed them all. He managed to convince both liberals and conservatives that he was their best choice, and by 1973,  millions were clamoring for him to return. Return to Power and Death: 1973–1974 In 1973, Hà ©ctor Cmpora, a stand-in for Perà ³n, was elected president. When Perà ³n flew in from Spain on June 20, more than 3 million people thronged the airport to welcome him back. It turned to tragedy, however, when right-wing Peronists opened fire on left-wing Peronists known as Montoneros, killing at least 13. Perà ³n was easily elected when Cmpora stepped down, but right- and left-wing Peronist organizations fought openly for power. Ever the slick politician, he managed to keep a lid on the violence for a time, but he died of a heart attack on July 1, 1974, after only a year back in power. Legacy Its impossible to overstate Perà ³ns legacy in Argentina. In terms of impact, he ranks with leaders such as Fidel Castro and Hugo Chavez. His brand of politics even has its own name: Peronism. Peronism survives today in Argentina as a legitimate political philosophy, incorporating nationalism, international political independence, and a strong government. Cristina Kirchner, who served as president from 2007 to 2015, was a member of the Justicialist Party, an offshoot of Peronism. Like every other political leader, Perà ³n had his ups and downs and left a mixed legacy. On the plus side, some of his accomplishments were impressive: He increased basic rights for workers, vastly improved the infrastructure (particularly in terms of electrical power), and modernized the economy. He was a skillful politician on good terms with both the East and the West during the Cold War. One example of Perà ³ns political skills were his relations with the Jews in Argentina. Perà ³n closed the doors to Jewish immigration during and after World War II. Every now and then, however, he would make a magnanimous public gesture, such as allowing a boatload of Holocaust survivors to enter Argentina. He got good press for these gestures but never changed his policies. He also allowed hundreds of Nazi war criminals to find safe haven in Argentina after World War II, making him one of the only people in the world who managed to stay on good terms with Jews and Nazis at the same time. He had his critics, however. The economy eventually stagnated under his rule, particularly in terms of agriculture. He doubled the size of the state bureaucracy, placing a further strain on the national economy. He had autocratic tendencies and cracked down on opposition from the left or the right if it suited him. During his time in exile, his promises to liberals and conservatives created hopes for his return that he couldnt deliver. He married for the third time in 1961 and made his wife, Isabel Martà ­nez de Perà ³n, his vice president to start his final term, which had disastrous consequences after she assumed the presidency upon his death. Her incompetence encouraged Argentine generals to seize power and kick off the bloodshed and repression of the so-called Dirty War. Sources Alvarez, Garcia, Marcos. Là ­deres polà ­ticos del siglo XX en Amà ©rica Latina Rock, David. Argentina 1516-1987: From Spanish Colonization to Alfonsà ­nJuan Perà ³n Biography. Encyclopedia Brittanica.

Hume on Suicide Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Hume on Suicide - Essay Example This paper will begin with the statement that life is the most mysterious thing that humans can face. It is given to us and we have no opportunity to choose to be born or not to be born. The question is if humans have a right to get rid of their life or if a woman, who gifted this life, can take it away? If a person kills him/herself, it is called a suicide, if someone takes the life of another person, it is called a murder. From day to day you can hear in the news about many cases of suicide among people of different age and the question is if these acts can be considered as a human’s right to be a master of his/her life, or as a crime. Nobody can state for sure, if a person have right to commit a suicide and to get rid of the dearest that was given to him. There is an philosophy that suicide is a method to demonstrate to the God the power of humans in a short and strict form. The issue is very controversial and was discussed by many famous philosophers. David Hume is among t hem. He devoted the whole essay â€Å"Of Suicide† to this issue. The reception of Hume's views The unique and controversial idea presented by Hume is that there is no person in this world who will commit suicide if he considers his life to be valuable. Thus, according to Hume, a person has a right to commit a suicide: â€Å"to restore men to their native liberty, by examining all the common arguments against suicide, and showing that, that action may be free from every imputation of guilt or blame; according to the sentiments of all the ancient philosophers† (Essays on suicide and the immortality of the soul. p.3). If to consider this statement from the point of view of social issues and values, the supporters of it can be accused in the misrepresentation of God and religion as well as in immorality. Children are taught in school that only morally weak individuals can commit suicide as suicide is the easiest way to solve the problem. â€Å"Hume’s recent critics read him differently, however, as if his observations concerning the fragility of human life are intended to show (positively) that we have a low value in God’s eyes† (Holden 2005, p.203). Hume states that there are several stages before committing a suicide. A person usually feels disorder and weakness, apathy and stupidity (Muller, 1997). These are signals for the mind that it is time to finish the life. Not all the people in the modern society would agree with Hume on the aspect. According to him, each person who has such problems is a potential suicide committer. Nobody will deny that we always can find a reason for stress and problems are waiting for us every second, thus it is a usual thing to feel such symptoms. Hume also underlined that changes that could occur in life, would bring the unexpected results for sure. Thus, the question is if the changes only push to suicide or vice versa. Let’s imagine person who is about to commit a suicide. He or she is i n the last stage and suddenly the fortune proposes him or her a present, winning the lottery. It is interesting whether this can serve as a reverse point for a person and if it can make him change his mind. Philosophy, religion and everyday life Holden states: †Hume presents arguments for the moral permissibility of suicide that could readily be generalized to license any action, murder not excepted. But no one thinks that murder is permissible, so we have a clear reduction of Hume’s reasoning† (Holden 2005, p.190). However, Hume does not consider a suicide to be a murder. According to Hume, it is unfair to consider the suicide to be a crime. He considered material and animal world and comes to the conclusion that all the things inevitably return to their basic state. This argument is also very controversial. Politicians and the law as well as religion dictate what the citizens should do and how they should behave in the society. In reality each country has its la w and unwritten rules of behavior, the picture of the world, which form the mentality (Flew, 1986).

Summary of I Am Because We Are pg 338-pg356 Essay

Summary of I Am Because We Are pg 338-pg356 - Essay Example Woodson claims that more than fifty years ago at his time, something was wrong with the path that the African American were being educated, and this provided an impetus for the Afrocentric approach to the education in America. In this article, Molefi examines the scope and nature of this approach by Woodson. He shows its necessity and further suggests how it can be developed and disseminated all through the levels of education (340). The two guide propositions that this article makes use of are the definitions of education and school. Education is defined as a fundamentally social phenomenon that purposes to socialize a learner. School is a reflexive of societies and develops from them. Afrocentricity is defined as a frame of reference that enables someone particularly a researcher to develop of phenomena in regards of the African person. Molefi emphasizes that the afrocentricity should not be mistaken to a black version of Eurocentricity. Eurocentricity is generally based on the notion of white supremacist that purposes to protect white privilege and the importance in economics, education and politics among others (347. The issue of Multiculturalism has also been featured illustrating that education must begin with a proposition that diverse people have contributed to the development of education. The American education does not include the African ethnic groups showing how the systems have victimized the teaching force (344). However, Afrocentricity gives the Americans an opportunity to examine the African person perspective in the society and globally. Afrocentricity is not anti-white like some people claim but is pro-human. The Afrocentric curriculum aim is not to divide America, but to make it flourish. 348. In the second article, Learning to talk the race, Cornel west talks about an event that happened in Los Angeles explaining why it is neither a race riot nor a rebellion associated with a

Brian Duffy | Photographer Biography

Brian Duffy | Photographer Biography Brian Duffy was born in 1933 to Irish immigrant parents in London, England. His household was highly politicized because his father was a republican and had done time as an IRA man. His mother was from Dublin, Ireland which inevitably caused further friction in the household. Both of his parents were strict Catholics and Duffy was brought up in a typical working class family. As a child, he was a self- confessed rogue, particularly when his father left to fight in World War II. Free from parental control, Duffy and his friends roamed the streets of London, acting like little thugs and having a great time. He remembers the American soldiers everywhere, their swearing, and the exciting magazines that they read. He had little time for education. However, in the first of the many unlikely events that color Duffys life, at the age of twelve he was enrolled at an early version of a progressive school in South Kensington run by the London County Council. It was staffed by injured ex-service men and aimed to introduce problem children to the arts. Duffy was taken to art galleries, the opera, the ballet, museums, and was immediately admitted. A few years later in 1950, Duffy went for an interview at Central Saint Martins in the Fields to study painting. He got in easily. The surroundings into which he was thrown into was instantly appealing to him. His fellow students had long hair, anarchic tendencies, intense politics, and a passion for art. Although he did not know it at the time, it was a significant moment for British Art. Duffy mixed with Frank Auerbach, Leon Kossof, Joe Tilson, and Len Deighton. Deighton became a lifelong friend. During his foundation year he also learned a healthy appreciation for what was called artspeak. His new friends spoke an articulate language that in theory referenced art history, critical theory, and sought to legitimize what they did in their studios. While much of this was no doubt suspicious, it taught Duffy an important truth: sounding like an artist was half the battle in becoming one. This had a healthy impact on Duffys intellectual education as he sought to train himself as an intellectual. It took many years for Duffy to discover that photography was going to be the best outlet for his newly found creative urges. He spent the majority of his three years at Saint Martins studying fashion design which eventually gave him an edge as a fashion photographer. After college Duffy went in and out of several jobs in the fashion business, including working for Princess Margarets designer, Victor Steibel, and producing fashion drawings for Harpers Bazaar. He learned the business and the process by meeting the right people. He also began dabbling with photography. Duffy went through early photographic apprenticeships with a variety of commercial operations. He spent a short time with a photography company called Cosmopolitan Artists where he learned pretty much nothing from men there who didnt know what they were doing themselves. One of them was a young Ken Russell. Duffy enjoyed more success at Artist Partners, an illustration firm, where he worked with Adrian Flowers to photograph products and scenarios for the company and then copy and turn into advertisements. Unlike Terence Donovan and David Bailey, Duffy was turned down for a job by the fashion photographer John French whose studio had become the major training ground for young photographers in London at the time. With Duffys skill, ambition, and sheer nerve, by 1957 he had secured himself a contract with Vogue after engaging the interest of the magazines art director, John Parsons. Charged at first with photographing everything and anything, Duffy found himself in the creative environment of Vogue Studios where he encountered some of the great photographers of the age. He worked closely with models Jennifer Hocking, Pauline Stone, Joy Weston and Jean Shrimpton. At this time, Duffy also began mixing regularly with David Bailey and Terence Donovan who were following similar career paths. In fact, it was he who introduced Bailey to Shrimpton, and they went on to become one of most famous celebrity couples of the 1960s. Much has been written on the impact that the three young men had on Vogue. Also with photography and Londons growing creative scene, particularly the work and lifestyle of David Bailey. However, it was Duffy who in fact led the way. The three redefined the role of the photographer and became as well known as the actors, models, musicians, and members of royalty that they photographed. They also played a major part in developing the 1960s fashion aesthetic, sexualizing the human body, and capturing through photography the wider concerns of their generation. Duffy, Donovan, and Bailey were thought of as a unit of three renegade, working class photographers tearing up a corrupt industry with little regard for the rules of the old guard. Norman Parkinson referred to them as The Black Trinity, while Cecil Beaton, in his 1973 book The Magic Image, remembered them as the terrible three. Duffy himself said at the time, Before 1960 a fashion photographer was tall, thin and camp. But we three are different: short, fat and heterosexual (Brian Duffy). Duffy eventually left photography because the lifestyle was making him unhealthy, but also because he began to dislike the highly commercial, cut throat advertising world that he inhabited. His commercial work of the 1970s is of a high standard and is more distinctive than that of Donovan and Bailey, who found themselves following the fashion rather than dictating it. One can detect that the once exciting world of photography had become routine for Duffy. Perhaps as a result of this, Duffys personal work from that period stands out in particular, and forms one of the most important and interesting bodies of work in his archive. Rooted in the modernist aesthetics of Americans Paul Strand, Robert Frank and Walker Evans, Duffy experimented at length with finding the beauty in the intellectual process of photography. The pictures from this period are an investigation into the mysteries of photography, an attempt to shock the viewer into appreciating something that they would normally fin d boring. He was also trying to understand the impact of black and white, how taking color away from an everyday scene can add to it and give it additional resonance and power. Most of all though, they are the polar opposite of the glossy, color photographs that his clients demanded. By 1979, Duffy had had enough of photography altogether and made that fateful trip into his studio back yard. Moving on to my impressions and opinions about his work. I am not an expert in any way with photography and being able to see all of the intricate details associated with a photograph. I do not have much experience taking photographs myself. I will do my best as to give my best insights into his photographs. The first photo of Duffys that I found was a photo of a man and woman in a car. They appear to be a couple on a normal road anyone would be using. The car is stationary. The man is looking up in the air while the woman is holding what looks like a scarf over her head. I cannot tell what kind of car it is that they are in. When I first saw this photo I got the impression that the man is almost annoyed with her behavior. To me he has a look on his face that this is something she does a lot. The photo is in black and white which I think adds to the uniqueness of his photos. The next photo that I found of his that I like is a photo of a public area with a woman and man and a lot of pigeons. I like this photo because it brings me back to a time when I was younger and able to travel through Europe with family. I remember these public places in Europe having a lot of pigeons because people fed them. This photo brings out some childhood memories for me. It is another black and white photo. I think that the woman in the white dress was staged there and she is posing. I honestly think that the man in it was just a guy passing by and happened to be in the photo. He just has that look about him, compared to her. Following along, I especially like this next photo. I like the symmetry of it with the woman posing is lined up with the building behind her. In this photo I think that she is the only one posing for the photo. Everyone else in it are just regular people who happened to be in the scene. She seems to be expressing her openness to the situation and to life in general. Her arms are open saying to open yourself up to things. The next photo is finally a color picture by Duffy. I do not know who the man is in the picture. I like the effects done in this photo. You can see a time lapse effect in this photo where you can see three different hands as the man in the photo was throwing sand. This man seems to be in a desolate area. All you can see is the sand in the background. To me this photo is saying that you are not alone. Even in this desolate area you can still run into another person. The final photo of Duffys that I am going to discuss is a color photo with what appears to be an average woman. She is holding up a newspaper that is covering some of her face. She appears to be surprised by something in the newspaper. To me this photo is saying that surprises can be found in any place in life. To conclude, I was very interested in the life of Brian Duffy. As someone who lived in England for five years I wanted to do a photographer from that country. He lived an important life in the realm of photography. To be called the man who shot the sixties you had to have had a major impact. To be able to have that sort of impact for a whole decade is quite amazing. Bibliography Brian Duffy. The Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group, n.d. Web. 09 Dec. 2016. Brian Duffy The Man Who Shot The Sixties. C41. N.p., 17 Feb. 2013. Web. 09 Dec. 2016. Brian Duffy. Brian Duffy Photographer Bio. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Dec. 2016. DUFFY: The Man Who Shot the Sixties. Dir. Linda Brusasco. Crackit Productions, 2010. DUFFY: The Man Who Shot the Sixties. YouTube, 13 Jan. 2010. Web. 9 Dec. 2016Â  

Public Finance and Taxation Essay

There are varying definitions of what public sector economics is and what topics it covers. In a layman’s language Public economics is the application of economics to the activities undertaken by the state. Black et al. defines public sector economics as â€Å"the field of economics which studies the nature, principles, and economic consequences of government expenditure, taxation, financing and the regulatory actions undertaken in the non-profit making government sector†. Thus it looks at the efficiency of various approaches used by government in its day to day operations. For the government uses economic policy instruments which are designed to influence economic behavior in order to achieve certain outcomes. The government has various goals which it pursues they include; i) Macro-economic stability ii) Enhanced economic growth iii) Balance of payment stability iv) Income distribution. The ultimate goal of these policies is to improve people’s welfare. As already mentioned government uses instrument of fiscal and monetary policy to achieve its goal. The use of government expenditure and taxation to influence economic outcome is referred to as fiscal policy. Fiscal policy is often outlined through the annual budget which is presented to parliament every year. The budget outlines its objectives in the budget and how these are going to be achieved. On the other Monetary policy is aimed at influencing the supply of money and consequently economic growth. The central Bank is an independent arm of the state which is mandated with running the monetary policy. In Zambia, monetary policy is the responsibility of the Bank of Zambia. In public sector economics we study the impact of instrument of fiscal policy on economic efficiency. Instruments of fiscal policy include; i) Expenditure ii) Taxation iii) Financing iv) Regulations The first two involves the procurement and spending of the government funds on various programs such as public infrastructure, education, health and public security. Example the government collects revenue using tax and spends the revenue on education, health, roads etc. in economic terms the use of these two constitutes the direct mobilization and allocation of scarce resources. In contrast, regulation entails a law or administratively proclaiming an enforceable instruction that leads to a different allocation of private sector resources than would apply in the absence of government intervention. That is allocation resources are influenced indirectly. Example the government through the Environmental Council of Zambia has put regulations to curb environmental damage; this has lead to increased investment in environmentally friendly technology by private firms. This is something the profit seeking private sector would not have done if there was no government intervention. PUBLIC FINAN CE AND IDEOLOGY Opinions on how government should function in the economic sphere are influenced by the ideological views concerning the relationship between the state and the individual. Political philosophers have distinguished two major approaches. These approaches are the organic view and the mechanistic view of government. Organic View of Government In this view society is considered as a natural organism and the government is the heart of such an organism. Society is an organic whole, just as the human body. Each individual is a constituent part of the organism just like a body part. In this view an individual has significance only as a part of the community and the good of the individual is defined with respect the good of the whole. A person’s action is seen as important if it leads to the improvement of the wellbeing of society. In Plato’s view, ‘an activity of citizen is only desirable if it leads to a just society’. In this view, the goals of society are set by the state which attempts to lead society, toward their realization. The goals of society do differ from one state to another. For example Plato conceived that the goal of government was the achievement of a golden age in which human activities would be guided by rationality. In short society strived to achieve a state in which the decisions of all individuals and the state were rational. So society was support all activities which would lead to the achievement of this goal. In Adolf Hitler’s view, the state’s goal was the achievement of social purity. He envisaged the creation of a supper race. To achieve this goal the state supported all activities which were aimed removing human impurities. They include bizarre actions such as extermination of Jews, physically disabled people and invasion of all countries to ensure that his goals are achieved over the world. The Grand Ayatollah Khomeini argued that the goal of society is to create good believers. Thus all actions of individuals and the state should be aimed at creating a cadre of believers. Closer home, Kaunda envisaged that the goal of society was the attainment of a just society. He coined the concept of human centered development or Humanism. In this ideology he argued all the actions of individuals and government should be aimed achieving a society in which all persons are equal to each other. Proponents of the organic view argue that certain goals are natural for the societal organism such as pursuit of sovereignty over some geographical area. From a policy perspective, the organic view emphasizes combating poverty and equity issues notably redistribution of income as justification for government intervention. In addition, this view tends to support existence of a large government. That is government has a large part to play in of the nation’s activities. Mechanistic View of Government In this view government is not an organistic part of society, but it is a creation of people to better achieve their individual goals. Here government is seen as a reflection of individual preferences or tastes. In short, society is a mirror of individual wants and needs. In this case, government intervention is only justifiable if it leads to individual welfare maximization. An individual will only support a government if it helps him/her to achieve their individual goals. Example government should protect individuals from violence. To do so the individuals gives government coercive power. In Adam Smith view, Government should protect society from violence and invasion from other states. This view advocates for government intervention only to correct market failures and letting the market decide who gets what. In addition, the role of government should be limited to certain public works such as roads, bridges, sewer, and airports. These are infrastructures which make society function. There are several divergent views within the mechanistic view. Some of these are; i) Libertarians View which argue against any further role in the economy beyond providing justice and protecting individual liberty. ii) Social democrats believe that sustained government intervention is need for the good of individuals. These interventions can be as diverse as safety regulations at work place, banning racial discrimination, welfare payments to the poor. In totality, the mechanistic approach focuses relatively more on the efficiency of markets and economic growth. ROLE OF THE STATE 1. Equity and Efficiency Principles Pareto Efficiency-occurs when it is not possible to improve the welfare of some people without making the welfare anyone worse. An economic system that is not Pareto efficient implies that it is possible to change resource allocation without making any one worse off. Example if an economic system is not Pareto Optimal it is possible to increase consumption by one group and reduce for others without making them feel worse off. This is known as Pareto Improvement. Pareto improvement occurs when a change to a different allocation makes at least one individual better off without making any individual worse off. To make us under this lets assume that; i) There are two individuals A and B, ii) There are two goods X and Y, iii) There are two factors of production Labor (L) and Capital (K) iv) We assume that we have a static economy such that XA+XB=X and YA+YB=Y Exchange Efficiency or efficiency in consumption Efficiency in consumption is achieved when the marginal rates of substitution are equal for all persons; MRSXYA=MRSXYB The Marginal Rate of Substitution is simply the slope of indifference curve. ∆∆Y ∆X X MRS=-∆Y∆X If you have a utility function: uX,Y=U0 totally differentiating MUxdX+MUydY=0 MRSxy=-dYdX=MUxMUy In the Edgeworth box efficiency is achieved where the indifference curves are tangent; Lets pick a point such as ‘e’. At point ‘e’ it is possible to make person A better without making person B worse off. This can be done by moving along Indifference Curve no B2 to point d. At point‘d’ the welfare of person A improves because he moves from a lower indifference curve A2 to a higher indifference curve A3. The improvement for person A continues until point ‘c’ where the indifference curves are equal. At point ‘c’ it is not possible to make any Pareto improvement. At point ‘e’ we have MRSXYA>MRSXYB This also true for point ‘d’. This outcome of Pareto efficiency is only possible under perfect competition. This is because in perfect competition all consumers face the same market prices for these goods. That is they equate the marginal rate of substitution to the same price ratio. MRSXYA=MRSXYB=PxPy Each individual maximizes their utility function subject to the budget constraint. That they maximize the following function U0=uX,Y subject to I=XPx+YPy therefore the langrangian L=UX,Y+ÃŽ »(I-XPx-YPy) First order conditions ∂L∂X=MUx-ÃŽ »Px=0 and ∂L∂Y=MUY-ÃŽ »PY=0 MUX=ÃŽ »Px and MUy=ÃŽ »Py solving simultaneously we getMUxMUy=PxPy=-dYdX=MRS Therefore, each person will equate their MRS to the price ratio. Production Efficiency Production efficiency requires that the marginal rates of technical substitution are equal in the production of good X and good Y. That is MRTSLKX=MRTSLKY In the Edgeworth box this requires this occurs where the isoquants are tangent to each other. The marginal rate of technical substitution is simply the slope of the isoquant. K L U0 ∆K Given an isoquant QL,K=Q0 totally differntiating we get MPldL+MPKdK=0 MRTSLK=-dKdL=MPlMPK Lets have a factor Edge worth box to make our illustration easier. Remember from our study of micro-economics we defined an isoquant as a curve that represent the combination of labor and capital which give the same level of output. In the diagram below production of X uses labor from point X to the right and capital from X upwards. For good Y it is the opposite of good X. All points along XPY are Pareto efficient in the sense that it is not possible to improve or increase the output of good X or good Y without reducing either of them. To under this lets pick point ‘a’ which is not along XPY. This point is not Pareto optimal because it is possible to improve the production of X without reducing the output of good Y simply by moving along the isoquant no Y2 output of good X improves/increases to X2 from X1. Pareto efficiency is only possible under a perfectly competitive market system because all produces face the same factor prices (PK and PL). Thus Pareto Optimality condition reduces to: MRTSLKX=MRTSLKY=PKPL Proof: Q0=QL,K subject to C=LPl+YPy therefore the langrangian L=QL,K+ÃŽ »(C-LPl-KPk) First order conditions ∂L∂L=MPl-ÃŽ »Pl=0 and ∂L∂K=MPk-ÃŽ »Pk=0 MPl=ÃŽ »Pl and MPK=ÃŽ »PK solving simultaneously we getMPlMPk=PlPk=-dLdK=MRTS Therefore all firms will be minimizing their costs while facing the same factor prices. OVERALL EFFICIENCY This requires that the production possibility frontier (PPF) and the social welfare function are tangent. That is; MRSXY=MRTXY. X SWF PPF Y The PPF shows the maximum quantity of good X and good Y that can be produced using the existing technology and resources. An increase in the amount of labor and capital available or an increase in the level of technology will make the PPF to move outwards to the right. All points inside the PFF are attainable but not efficient and all points the right of the PPF are not attainable. To achieve, the Marginal Rate of Substitution for society (slope of SWF) must be equal to the PxPy and the marginal rate of transformation (slope of PPF) must be equal to the MCxMCy or resources must be fully utilized. In perfect competition, P=MC. Hence it is possible to achieve the following outcome; MRSXY=PxPy=MRTXY=MCXMCY. Thus a perfectly competitive outcome results into a Pareto optimal allocation of resources. It is important to note that Pareto optimal allocation may not be the best outcome in the sense that it does not consider equity. That is there is no equity consideration. Equity is the fair d istribution of resources in sources. There are two concepts of equity used in economics horizontal and Vertical Equity. Horizontal equity means that people in similar positions/situation must be treated equally. Example if two people have HIV and the same level of CD4 count they should have equal access to ARVs. The only condition is that they are positive and have the same CD4. Vertical equity means that people in different economic situations must be treated differently from a poor person when allocating resources. This is because treating them in the same manner is not equitable. MARKET FAILURE A market failure occurs when the market fails to allocate resources according the Pareto criterion. In other words, a market failure is a situation in which the market fails to allocate resources efficiently according to the Pareto Criterion. Fundamental Theorem of Welfare Economics Welfare economics is the systematic method of evaluating the economic implications of alternative resource allocation. It answers the following questions; i) Is a given resource allocation efficient? ii) Who wins and looses under various allocations? First Fundamental Theorem of welfare Economics- It states that if there is a perfectly competitive market and consumer tastes are convex then any equilibrium will be a Pareto optimal allocation of resources. In short, the competitive market allocates resources efficiently without any need for government intervention. Further, the theorem states that the price from the perfectly competitive market induces selfish individuals independently maximizing their welfare, to bring the economy to a socially optimal state. That is prices rise in response to excess demand and they fall in response to excess supply. Normatively this theorem says that use free market system to allocate resources. The Second Fundamental Theorem of Welfare Economics states that â€Å"society can attain any Pareto optimal allocation of resources by making a suitable assignment of initial endowment of resources and then letting the people freely trade with each other as in the Edgeworth box.† To help us underst and this lets relook at the contract curve which gives the Pareto Optimal outcomes.